Thickening of the skin and nails involves an abnormal increase in the thickness of the skin or nails, which can lead to rough, hardened, or discolored areas. Skin thickening, or hyperkeratosis, often results from repeated friction or pressure, such as from ill-fitting shoes leading to calluses, or chronic conditions like psoriasis and eczema that cause inflammation and thickening of the skin. Nail thickening, known as onychomycosis, is commonly caused by fungal infections, which lead to changes in nail texture, color, and shape. Other causes of nail thickening include psoriasis, which can cause the nails to become pitted or discolored, or systemic conditions such as diabetes or peripheral vascular disease. Both skin and nail thickening can also be a result of genetic disorders, such as ichthyosis, which leads to widespread thickening and scaling of the skin. Treatment varies depending on the cause. For skin thickening due to friction or pressure, reducing the source of irritation and using emollients or keratolytic agents like salicylic acid can help soften and manage the thickened areas. For fungal infections of the nails, antifungal treatments, either topical or oral, are typically required to clear the infection and restore normal nail growth. Managing chronic skin conditions may involve topical corticosteroids or other anti-inflammatory medications. In cases where thickening is due to systemic diseases or genetic conditions, addressing the underlying health issue is crucial for managing symptoms. Consulting a healthcare provider is essential for an accurate diagnosis and tailored treatment plan.
